Religious Aggression and Civil Intolerance Scales – RACIS
Measures support for religiously motivated aggression and willingness to restrict the civil liberties of specific religious or non-religious groups.
Scale Development & Technical Details
Scale Overview
The Religious Aggression and Civil Intolerance Scales – RACIS was developed by Ian G. Hansen and Ara Norenzayan (2006). It is designed to measure Religious Aggression and Civil Intolerance. The scale is intended for use with Adults.
Scale Structure
This instrument consists of 10 items organized into 2 factors/subscales: Religious Aggression, Civil Intolerance.
| Factor / Subscale | Items | N |
|---|---|---|
| Religious Aggression | 1,2,3,4 | 4 |
| Civil Intolerance | 5,6,7,8,9,10 | 6 |
Response Format
Respondents rate each item using a custom response format.
Response anchors: 1 = Totally disagree / Untrue, 2 = Strongly disagree / Untrue, 3 = Disagree / Untrue, 4 = Slightly disagree / Untrue, 5 = Neutral, 6 = Slightly agree / True, 7 = Agree / True, 8 = Strongly agree / True, 9 = Totally agree / True.
The scale includes 3 reverse-scored items to reduce acquiescence bias.
Scoring
Items are scored by subscale, with each subscale sum representing a distinct dimension.
Psychometric Properties
Internal Consistency: The scale has demonstrated good to excellent internal consistency with reported Cronbach’s alpha values of Not specified.
Administration
The scale is self-administered and typically takes approximately 5 minutes to complete. It can be administered individually or in group settings. No special training is required for administration.