Smoking Self-Efficacy Scale – SSES
Measures an individual's confidence in their ability to resist the urge to smoke across various high-risk situations.
Scale Development & Technical Details
Scale Overview
The Smoking Self-Efficacy Scale – SSES was developed by DiClemente, C. C., Prochaska, J. O., & Gibertini, M. (1985). It is designed to measure Smoking Self-Efficacy. The scale is intended for use with Adult smokers.
Scale Structure
This instrument consists of 20 items organized into 3 factors/subscales: Negative Affect, Social/Positive, Habitual/Craving.
| Factor / Subscale | Items | N |
|---|---|---|
| Negative Affect | 3,5,7,8,18,19 | 6 |
| Social/Positive | 1,4,6,9,10,16 | 6 |
| Habitual/Craving | 2,11,12,13,14,15,17,20 | 8 |
Response Format
Respondents rate each item using a custom response format.
Response anchors: 1 = Not at all confident, 2 = Not very confident, 3 = Moderately confident, 4 = Very confident, 5 = Extremely confident.
Scoring
Items are scored by subscale, with each subscale sum representing a distinct dimension.
Total scores range from 20 to 100. Interpretation guidelines:
- Low Self-Efficacy (High risk of relapse): 20 – 45
- Moderate Self-Efficacy: 46 – 75
- High Self-Efficacy (Low risk of relapse): 76 – 100
Psychometric Properties
Internal Consistency: The scale has demonstrated good to excellent internal consistency with reported Cronbach’s alpha values of Negative Affect (alpha = 0.95), Social/Positive (alpha = 0.93), Habit/Addictive (alpha = 0.92).
Administration
The scale is self-administered and typically takes approximately 5 minutes to complete. It can be administered individually or in group settings. No special training is required for administration.