1. Able to adapt to change

2. Close and secure relationships

3. Sometimes fate or God can help

4. Can deal with whatever comes

5. Past success gives confidence for new challenge

6. See the humorous side of things

7. Coping with stress strengthens

8. Tend to bounce back after illness or hardship

9. Things happen for a reason

10.Best effort no matter what

11.You can achieve your goals

12.When things look hopeless‚ I don’t give up

13.Know where to turn for help

14.Under pressure‚ focus and think clearly

15.Prefer to take the lead in problem solving

16.Not easily discouraged by failure

17.Think of self as strong person

18.Make unpopular or difficult decisions

19.Can handle unpleasant feelings

20.Have to act on a hunch

21.Strong sense of purpose

22.In control of your life

23.I like challenges

24.You work to attain your goals

25.Pride in your achievements.

From “Asale Hubbard‚ 2011”
1. I am able to adapt when changes occur.
2. I have at least one close and secure relationship which helps me when I am stressed.
3. When there are no clear solutions to my problems‚ sometimes fate or God can help.
4. I can deal with whatever comes my way.
5. Past successes give me confidence in dealing with new challenges and difficulties.
6. I try to see the humorous side of things when I am faced with problems.
7. ha‎ving to cope with stress can make me stronger.
8. I tend to bounce back after illness‚ injury‚ or other hardships.
9. Good or bad‚ I believe that most things happen for a reason.
10. I give my best effort‚ no matter what the outcome may be.
11. I believe I can achieve my goals‚ even if there are obstacles.
12. Even when things look hopeless‚ I don‘t give up.
13. During times of stress/crisis‚ I know where to turn for help.

14. Under pressure‚ I stay focused and think clearly.
15. I prefer to take the lead in solving problems‚ rather than letting others make all the decisions.
16. I am not easily discouraged by failure.
17. I think of myself as a strong person when dealing with life‘s challenge and difficulties.
18. I can make unpopular or difficult decisions that affect other people‚ if it is necessary.
19. I am able to handle unpleasant or painful feelings like sadness‚ fear and anger.
20. In dealing with life‘s problems‚ sometimes you have to act on a hunch‚ without knowing why.
21. I have a strong sense of purpose in life.
22. I feel in control of my life.
23. I like challenges.
24. I work to attain my goals‚ no matter what roadblocks I encounter along the way
25. I take pride in my achievement

(1) Personal competence‚ high standards‚ and tenacity‚ (2) Trust in one’s instincts‚ tolerance of negative affect‚ and strengthening effects of stress‚ (3) Positive acceptance of change and secure relationships‚ (4) Control‚ (5) Spiritual influences

0 (not true at all) to 4 (true nearly all the time).

This instrument can be found at: http://www.cd-risc.com/ &http://www.connordavidson-resiliencescale.com/ &https://www.researchgate.net/publication/10576109 & http://repar.veille.qc.ca/info-tcc/IMG/pdf/Campbell-Sills_Stein_2007.pdf & https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Connor-Davidson_Resilience_Scale

Connor‚ K. M.‚ & Davidson‚ J. R.T. (2003). Development of a new resilience scale: The Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC). Depression and Anxiety‚ 18(2)‚ 76–82.

Samani‚ S‚ et al. Effects of resilience on mental health and life satisfaction. Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology‚ 2007; 13: 290-295.

Cambells-Sills‚ Laura & Stein‚ Murray B. (2007). Psychometric Analysis and Refinement of the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISK): Validation of a 10-Item Measure of Resilience. Journal of Traumatic Stress‚ 20(6)‚ 1019-1028.

Vaishnavi‚ Sandeep.‚ Connor‚ Kathryn.‚ Davidson‚ Jonathan R.T. (2007). An abbreviated version of the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC)‚ the CD-RISC2: Psychometric properties and applications in psychopharmacological trials. Psychiatry Res‚ 152(2-3): 293–297.

Khoshouei‚ M.S. (2009). Psychometric evaluation of the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) using Iranian students. Int J Testing.9‚ 60-66.

Jowkar‚ B.‚ Friborg‚ O.‚ Hjemdal‚ O.(2010). Cross-cultural validation of the Resilience Scale for Adults (RSA) in Iran. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology‚ 51‚ 418-425.

Abolghasemi A‚ Rajabi S‚ Sheikhi M‚ Kiamarsi A‚ Sadrolmamaleki V. (2013). Comparison of resilience‚ positive/negative affect‚ and psychological vulnerability between Iranian infertile and fertile men. Iran J Psychiatry 2013; 7: 9-15.

Derakhshanad‚ S.A.‚ Piven‚ E.‚ Rassafiani‚ M.‚ Hosseini S‚A.‚ Shahboulaghi‚ F.M. (2014). Standardization of Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale in Iranian subjects with cerebrovascular accident. J Rehabil Sci and Research 2014; 1: 73-77.

Tennant‚ R.‚ Hiller‚ L.‚ Fishwick‚ R.‚ Platt‚ S.‚ Joseph‚ S.‚ Stewart-Brown‚ Sl. (2007). The Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale (WEMWBS). In: Simmons C. A.‚ Lehmann P. (eds). Tools for strengths-based assessment and evaluation‚ New York‚ NY: Springer‚ pp. 91-93. (2013). Google Scholar

Hubbard‚ Asale‚ “Racial socialization and resilience among african american college students: The role of racial identity” (2011). Graduate Theses and Dissertations. 10152. http://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd/1015

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